Model Based on Estimates from:

Corticeira Amorim, PriceWaterhouseCooper, Ecobilan, “Analysis of the life cycle of Cork, Aluminium and Plastic Wine Closures -October 2008”
http://www.corkqc.com/sustain/PWCE-LCA-Cork-Report.pdf

Carbon Footprint for Cork = 1.533 g/cork

Other Estimates: Forgues, C., Carbon Appraisal of the Different Methods Used for Closing Still Wines, Australian & New Zealand Grapegrower & Winemaker, September 2007 (No. 524) Carbon Footprint for Cork = 8 tons/million pieces (7.3 g/cork)
http://www.corkqc.com/sustain/CarbonAppraisal.pdf

Walker,L., Cork and Sustainability, Wines & Vines, August 2007, p. 64 Carbon Footprint for Cork = 3.27 tons/million pieces (2.96 g/cork)

Model does not include capsule or transportation to specific markets.

Model Based on Estimates from:

Corticeira Amorim, PriceWaterhouseCooper, Ecobilan, “Analysis of the life cycle of Cork, Aluminium and Plastic Wine Closures - October 2008”
http://www.corkqc.com/sustain/PWCE-LCA-Cork-Report.pdf

Carbon Footprint for Screwcaps = 37.17 g/cap

Other Estimates: Forgues, C., Carbon Appraisal of the Different Methods Used for Closing Still Wines, Australian & New Zealand Grapegrower & Winemaker, September 2007 (No. 524) Carbon Footprint for Screwcaps = 52 tons/million pieces (47.2 g/cap)
http://www.corkqc.com/sustain/CarbonAppraisal.pdf

Walker,L., Cork and Sustainability, Wines & Vines, August 2007, p. 64 Carbon Footprint for Screwcaps = 14.37 tons/million pieces (12.95 g/cap)

Model does not include liners or transportation to specific markets.

Model Based on Estimates from:

Corticeira Amorim, PriceWaterhouseCooper, Ecobilan, “Analysis of the life cycle of Cork, Aluminium and Plastic Wine Closures - October 2008”
http://www.corkqc.com/sustain/PWCE-LCA-Cork-Report.pdf

Carbon Footprint for Synthetics = 14.83 g/stopper

Other Estimates: No other printed estimates were found but this estimate was corroberated by representatives of the leading manufacturer of Synthetic stoppers.

Model does not include capsule or transportation to specific markets.

Model Based on Estimates from:

Corticeira Amorim, PriceWaterhouseCooper, Ecobilan, “Analysis of the life cycle of Cork, Aluminium and Plastic Wine Closures - October 2008”
http://www.corkqc.com/sustain/PWCE-LCA-Cork-Report.pdf

Carbon Offset for Cork = -113.2 g/cork

Estimate is based on a study carried out in Portugal by the Portuguese School of Agronomy (ISA), intended to measure the annual liquid sequestration of carbon, including the analysis of a southern cork oak forest, which presented an ELP of 179 g C/m2 in 2006.

US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, "Emission Facts: Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Typical Passenger Vehicles" as cited at earthlab.com. The Carbon footprint for the average US automobile (21mpg) is determine at a rate of 2,146.8 miles per ton of CO2 based on the given estimate of 19.564 lbs.CO2 per gallon of gasoline.